monogenic or polygenic inheritance, germline or somatic mutations) (L2).ĭescribe the common infectious causes of epilepsy, including geographical impacts ( e.g. hippocampal sclerosis, tumours, malformations, vascular lesions, traumatic brain injury, etc.) (L2).ĭescribe the common genetic causes of epilepsy ( e.g. structural, genetic, infectious, metabolic, immune, and neurodegenerative) (L1).ĭescribe the common structural aetiologies ( e.g. As we move towards precision medicine and targeted therapies, so aetiologies will play an even greater role in the management of epilepsy.ĭescribe the major aetiologies for epilepsy ( i.e.
The introduction contains information suitable for level 1 competency (entry level), whilst the subsequent sections contain information aimed at level 2 competency (proficiency level) as part of the new ILAE competency-based curriculum. In each of the categories, we discuss what we regard as the most important aetiologies importance being determined not only by prevalence but also by clinical significance. Indeed, genetic factors probably play a role, to varying degrees, in the risk of seizures in all people with epilepsy. These are not mutually exclusive categories and many aetiologies fall into more than one category. Here, we divide the aetiologies into six categories: structural, genetic, infectious, metabolic, immune (all of which are part of the International League Against Epilepsy classification system) and neurodegenerative (which we have considered separately because of its growing importance in epilepsy). Indeed, the aetiology can be important for determining the recurrence risk of single seizures and so for making a diagnosis of epilepsy. The identification of the aetiology of a patient's epilepsy is instrumental in the diagnosis, prognostic counselling and management of the epilepsies.
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